In the journal "Beekeeping" (No

In the journal "Beekeeping" (No. 8, 1990), D.A. Kozlov described his method of ventilating hives using homemade square exhaust pipes connecting the space below and above the frames. Later, another author endorsed this method, providing calculations and recommending the installation of four air ducts with a minimum cross-section of 7 cm² at the corners to prevent moisture in the hive. Following this guidance, a ventilation device was constructed (illustration included).