Solitary Bees and Their Adaptation in Urban Environments

Solitary bees do not organize into hives. They have no queen and do not produce honey. They do not share their tasks with other bees, and each female builds her nest with several cells, either in plant stems, wood, or in the ground. Like domestic bees (Apis mellifera), wild bees also feed on pollen, and thanks to their silent work, they contribute to the germination of fruits and seeds. These small insects coexist with humans, and the sidewalks of cities serve as a refuge for species that nest in the pavement.