Raw propolis is a resinous mass. For some uses it is processed into a liquid form.

Why extract

• Raw propolis is sticky and hard to dose
• It contains wax, wood particles and plant matter
• A liquid form is easier to handle and measure

The principle

The active constituents are taken up in a solvent; what does not dissolve remains and is filtered off.

The choice of solvent determines which constituents are taken up — different solvents give different compositions.

The equipment

• Glass or stainless steel vessels for steeping
• Filters to remove plant matter and wax
• A centrifuge at larger quantities
• Dark bottles for the finished product

Preparing the raw material

This determines quality more than the equipment does.

Propolis from a screen is clean. Propolis scraped from the hive contains wood, paint and dirt — which partly carry through into the extract.

Chilling makes propolis brittle and easier to grind; at room temperature it cannot be worked.

Storing the extract

• Dark glass; light breaks down the constituents
• Cool
• Well sealed
• Small units; repeated opening exposes it to air

Regulation

A processed product falls under different rules than the raw product. Placing it on the market brings requirements on labelling and safety.

Health claims are prohibited in most countries. Describing what the product is and how it was made is the safe route.

Warning

Allergic reactions to propolis are possible and should be stated. Extracts are more concentrated than the raw product.