Safety in an apiary covers three parties: the beekeeper, other people and the colonies themselves.

The beekeeper

Stings and allergy

Being stung is unavoidable. In most people it stays a local swelling.

But a severe allergic reaction is possible and can develop without prior warning; someone stung many times without trouble may still react.

• Anyone with a history of severe reaction should consult a doctor before starting
• Know the signs of a serious reaction: difficulty breathing, swelling away from the sting site, dizziness, a widespread rash
• A serious reaction is a medical emergency
• Where possible, do not work alone; tell someone where you are

Physical risks

• Lifting: A full super is heavy. Lift with the legs, get help, or use shallow supers
• The smoker: The commonest cause of fire in an apiary. Do not set it on dry grass; make sure it is out before leaving
• The blowtorch: Keep away from flammable material; keep water to hand
• Chemicals: Organic acids are corrosive. Gloves, goggles and a suitable mask
• Heat: A suit in summer is exhausting; drink water and take breaks

Other people

• Direct the flight path upward, away from paths and neighbouring gardens
• Provide your own water source
• Requeen a bad-tempered colony
• Warn visitors and provide spare protective equipment
• Keep children away from the working area
• Tell neighbours in advance, particularly anyone with an allergy

The colonies

• Secure the hives against storms and animals
• Fencing against livestock and, where needed, larger animals
• Theft: A site out of sight but accessible is preferable
• Fire: Keep the surroundings clear of dry vegetation
• Spraying: Learn the calendar of nearby agricultural applications

Working practice

Most stings come from the beekeeper's own movements.

• Move slowly and steadily; sudden movements provoke
• Do not crush bees; the alarm pheromone from a crushed bee puts the colony on the defensive
• Do not stand in front of the entrance
• Do not work in bad weather or during a dearth if it can be avoided
• Wash the suit regularly; alarm pheromone in the fabric provokes at the next inspection

A first aid kit

Keep one in the apiary and know what is in it. Water, and a means of contacting help, matter as much.