Propolis collection works by using the bees' natural behaviour: they seal gaps in the hive with propolis. A trap directs that behaviour onto a surface you can harvest.

The collection screen

This is the proper method. A finely perforated plastic or metal screen is placed in the hive in place of the crown board.

The bees treat the holes as gaps and fill them. The propolis obtained is clean; it carries no timber or paint contamination.

The drawback of scraping

Scraping from frame lugs and hive surfaces with a hive tool is the simplest route, but the product contains wax, fragments of timber and paint residue.

Its quality is low and it may not be suitable for food or health use.

Harvest: freezing is essential

When the screen is full it is removed and frozen. Propolis becomes brittle in the cold; flexing the screen makes the pieces fall out by themselves.

At room temperature propolis is sticky and will not separate. Freezing is not an option but part of the method.

Conditions that increase production

• Cool weather: The tendency to seal gaps increases with cold
• Resinous plants nearby: The source species vary by region
• Genetics: Some lines collect markedly more
• Autumn: Collection increases during preparation for winter

Residue warning

Propolis from a hive treated with acaricides may carry residues. Screens should be removed during treatment periods.

Propolis scraped from painted surfaces also contains paint and preservative.

Storage

• Cool, dark and airtight
• Keeps well in a freezer
• Light and heat degrade its components

The standardisation problem

The composition of propolis depends on the source plants and varies markedly by region. Recording the source and collection period is therefore valuable for sale as well.

Allergy

Propolis is among the substances that cause contact allergy. A beekeeper working with it regularly is well advised to wear gloves.