The blowtorch is the most effective disinfection tool in beekeeping. Against spore-forming agents in particular, no other method gives the same assurance.

Why flame

American foulbrood spores remain viable for decades. Wiping with alcohol does not kill them, and many chemicals are inadequate.

Flame is the most reliable way of neutralising spores on a surface.

Where it is used

• Hive tool: Between hives, held until it glows
• Timber hive bodies: The inner surface of an empty hive
• Floors and crown boards
• Metal parts

How to apply it

• Clean mechanically first; scrape off propolis and wax
• Pass the flame over the surface until the timber darkens slightly
• Do not neglect corners and cracks; spores accumulate there
• Do not hold it in one place; the timber burns

Wax and propolis residues flare when they meet flame, which is why mechanical cleaning must come first.

Where it must not be used

• Foam hives: They melt. Chemical disinfection is needed instead
• Comb: Infected comb is destroyed; it cannot be disinfected
• Plastic parts

Alternatives

• Soda solution: A few minutes in boiling soda solution; practical for cleaning tools in quantity
• Burning in an alcohol pot: Dipping the tool between hives and igniting it; a field method

Safety

After the smoker, the blowtorch is the greatest fire risk in an apiary.

• Use it away from dry vegetation and flammable material
• Keep water or an extinguisher to hand
• Do not leave the cylinder in the sun or in heat
• Close the valve after use and let it cool
• Take care in windy conditions

When it is essential

After every hive where disease is suspected. Even in an apparently healthy apiary, cleaning tools between groups of hives is a good habit.