Uncapping is the removal of the wax cappings before extraction. Without it almost no honey comes out of the extractor.

The tools

Uncapping fork

A pronged tool that lifts the cappings open.

• Cheap and simple
• Works well on uneven comb
• Slow; not suited to scale
• Also used to open drone brood for Varroa checks

Uncapping knife

A long, thin blade that slices off the layer of cappings.

• Fast and leaves a clean surface
• If the comb is uneven, hollows are left unopened
• Hot water or electrically heated versions cut more easily

Heated knife

Melts rather than cuts, giving a clean result.

The temperature setting matters: an over-hot blade scorches the honey and spoils its colour.

Automatic uncappers

Used at scale; they open frames automatically and require investment.

The uncapping tray

Collects the cappings and separates the honey draining from them. Types with a strainer and tap recover most of the honey in the cappings.

Working without one is both messy and wasteful.

Cappings wax — a valuable by-product

Cappings wax is the cleanest and lightest-coloured wax available.

• Collect it separately; do not mix it with old comb
• It is ideal for having your own foundation made
• A closed wax cycle limits residue accumulation

Mixing cappings wax with old comb degrades the best product obtainable.

Materials and hygiene

• Surfaces touching honey must be stainless steel or food-grade plastic
• Keep blades sharp; a blunt blade tears the comb
• Wash and dry after every use